Depresi kecemasan dan stres remaja selama pandemi COVID-19

Adolescents are quite vulnerable to experiencing negative psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress. The existence of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to policies such as social distancing that restrict adolescence, so they need to adapt to be able to carry out their daily activities and carry out their developmental tasks. This study aims to determine the prevalence of negative psychological conditions in adolescents such as depression, anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic. This research is a quantitative descriptive approach with a cross-sectional design. This research was conducted during August 2020 on 647 adolescents aged 14-18 years in Bandung. The measuring instrument used was the DASS-42 which was done online by participants. The reliability of DASS-42 in this study has an alpha coefficient of 0.955. The results showed that the most negative psychological condition experienced by adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic was anxiety which was found in 58.74% of adolescents. In addition, 32.15% of adolescents experienced depression and 34.7% of adolescents experienced stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The prevalence of negative psychological conditions such as depression, anxiety and stress are more experienced by girls than boys.

Adolescents’ mental health during COVID-19 pandemic

Since the end of 2019 the COVID-19 pandemic has been experienced in various countries including Indonesia. The existence of measures to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 has an impact on physical activity and policies on implementing Distance Learning (PJJ) for students ranging from elementary school to college levels. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the mental health of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic and the sociodemographic factors that influence adolescent mental health. The study involved 205 participants aged 15-18 years. The data were collected using a validated General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) self-assessment measurement tool in Indonesia. The results showed that 59.5% of adolescents experienced psychological problems in the form of psychological distress and social dysfunction. Girls and adolescents who experience changes in sleep hours have a greater tendency to experience psychological problems. So that during the pandemic teenage girls need more attention than boys sleep patterns also need to be considered so as not to have an impact on psychological distress and social dysfunction during the pandemic.

Marriage and quality of life during COVID-19 pandemic.

COVID-19 pandemic has impacted people around the globe. Countries, including Indonesia, implemented large-scale social restrictions. Since marriage is found to be beneficial to people's quality of life (QoL), the study aimed to examine the QoL of married people in Indonesia during a large-scale social restriction of the COVID-19 pandemic. An online cross-sectional survey using Qualtrics was conducted in June 2020. Respondents' sociodemographic data, spouse data (as reported by the respondents), and pandemic-related data were collected, followed by QoL data, measured by WHQOOL-BREF. WHOQL-BREF consists of 26 questions grouped into four domains: physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental. Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis H and Spearman correlation analyses were employed to compare QoL between groups of sociodemographic characteristics. In total, 603 respondents were recruited. The respondents' mean age is 35.3 years (SD = 7.61), most are females (82%), bachelor degree graduate (95%), Islam (78%), employed (69%), and assigned to work from home during the pandemic (76%). Married men reported better QoL in almost all domains than women; employed respondents reported higher QoL scores than unemployed; higher educated respondents reported higher QoL than those with lower education; respondents with higher income reported higher QoL than those with lower income. We found significant positive correlations between the QoL scores and age, spouse's age, and marriage length, although they were considered small. Compared to Indonesian population normative scores pre-pandemic, our sample reported no difference in physical and social domains, lower in the psychological domain, but higher in the environmental domain. Indonesian married people, especially women, those with low level of education, currently out of work, and below-average financial condition are the ones who reported worse quality of life during the lockdown. These results can help direct the Indonesian government efforts in dealing with psychosocial problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for married couples.